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Introduction to Malaysia

[country name] Malaysia (Malaysia) 马来西亚地图.jpg

Located in Southeast Asia, the land is divided into east and west parts by the South China Sea. West Malaysia is located in the south of the Malay Peninsula, bordering Thailand in the north, Johor Strait in the south and Singapore in the south, the South China Sea in the east and the Malacca Strait in the west. East Malaysia is located in the northern part of Kalimantan Island, adjacent to Indonesia, the Philippines and Brunei. The country's coastline has a total length of 4192 kilometers. It belongs to the climate of tropical rain forest. The average annual temperature in inland mountain area is 22-28 ℃, and that in coastal plain is 25-30 ℃.

[area] about 330000 square kilometers.

[population] 32.4 million. Of these, 69.1% are Malays, 23% are Chinese, 6.9% are Indians and 1.0% are other races. Malay is the national language, English is spoken, and Chinese is widely used. Islam is the state religion, and other religions include Buddhism, Hinduism and Christianity.

[capital] the population of (Kuala Lumpur), in Kuala Lumpur is about 1.8 million.

[important festivals] there are about hundreds of large and small festivals across the country, and there are 10 national festivals prescribed by the government. That is: national Day (also known as Independence Day, August 31), New Year's Day, Eid al-Fitr, Spring Festival, Kazhi Festival, Devil's Day, May Day, Christmas, Vesak Day, the birthday of the current Supreme head of State. With the exception of a small number of fixed festival dates, the specific dates of the rest of the festivals shall be uniformly announced by the Government in the previous year.

[administration] the country is divided into 13 states and 3 federal territories. The 13 states are Johor, Jida, Jilandan, Malacca, Sammeran, Peng Heng, Penang, Thunderbolt, Glass City, Selangor, Dengjialou and Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia. There are also three federal territories, namely, Kuala Lumpur, Butraghaya and Namin.

[judicial] the Supreme Court was established on 1 January 1985. Changed its name to the Federal Court in June 1994. There are the Malayan High Court (in charge of West Malaysia) and the High Court of Borneo (in charge of East Malaysia), and the states have district courts and directorates. There are also special military courts and Islamic courts. Chief Justice Richard (Tan Sri Datuk Seri Panglima Richard Malanjum) of the Federal Court. Attorney General Tommy Thomas (Tommy Thomas), took office in June 2018.

Before the 1970s, the economy was dominated by agriculture and relied on exports of primary products. Since the 1970s, the industrial structure has been continuously adjusted, the export-oriented economy has been vigorously promoted, and the electronics industry, manufacturing industry, construction industry and service industry have developed rapidly. At the same time, the "New Economic Policy", which is given priority to Malay and indigenous peoples, is aimed at achieving the goal of eliminating poverty and reorganizing society.

Since 1987, the economy has maintained a rapid growth rate of more than 8% for 10 years in a row. In 1991, the cross-century development strategy of "2020 Great wish" was put forward, which aims to build Malaysia into a developed country by 2020. Attach importance to the development of high technology, launched the "Multimedia Super Corridor", "Biological Valley" and other projects. In 1998, due to the impact of the Asian financial crisis, the economy showed negative growth. The government has adopted policies such as stabilizing the exchange rate, restructuring the debts of banks and enterprises, expanding domestic demand and exports, and the economy has gradually recovered and maintained medium-speed growth. Since the second half of 2008, affected by the international financial crisis, Malaysia's domestic economic growth has slowed and exports have declined. The Malaysian government has launched 7 billion ringgit and 60 billion ringgit to stimulate the economy in response to the crisis. After Prime Minister Najib took office in 2009, he took a number of measures to stimulate the growth of Malaysia's economy and domestic demand. Malaysia's economy gradually got rid of the impact of the financial crisis, and the momentum of stabilization and recovery was obvious. In 2015, Malaysia announced its 11th five-year Plan (2016-2020), which will continue to promote economic restructuring and focus on improving people's livelihood. Malaysia put forward the 2050 National Transformation Plan (TN50) in 2016, which is the prospect of Malaysia's development plan from 2050 to 2050.

In 2017, the main economic figures of Malaysia are as follows: gross domestic product (GDP): 1.3525 trillion ringgit, GDP growth rate 5.9 per cent, per capita gross domestic product 41093 ringgit, total import and export volume 1.77 trillion ringgit; Foreign exchange reserves: $109.5 billion

[source] Natural resources are abundant. The production and export of rubber, brown oil and pepper are among the highest in the world. Used to be a large country of tin production in the world, the output has decreased year by year in recent years. Malaysia is rich in oil reserves, in addition to iron, gold, tungsten, coal, bauxite, manganese and other minerals. Rich in tropical hardwood.

The government encourages processing industries based on domestic raw materials, with emphasis on electronics, automobiles, iron and steel, petrochemicals and textiles. In 2017, the output value of the Malaysian manufacturing sector was 270 billion ringgit.

[mining industry] is dominated by tin, oil and natural gas exploitation. According to the 2017 edition of the BP World Energy Statistical Yearbook, Malaysia has 3.6 billion barrels of crude oil and 1.2 trillion cubic meters of natural gas. Malaysia produced 648000 barrels of oil and 6904 million standard cubic feet of natural gas per day in 2017.

[agriculture, forestry and fisheries] the area of cultivated land is about 4.85 million hectares. Agriculture is dominated by cash crops, mainly oil palm, rubber, tropical fruit and so on. The food self-sufficiency rate is about 70 per cent. Rich in tropical trees. Fisheries are mainly offshore fishing, and deep-sea fishing and aquaculture have developed in recent years. In 2017, Malaysia's agricultural output value was 96.3 billion ringgit.

[services] cover a wide range of services, including water, electricity, transportation, communications, wholesale, retail, restaurants, finance, insurance, real estate and services provided by the government. Since the 1970s, the Malaysian government has continuously adjusted the industrial structure, so that the service industry has been rapid development, and has become one of the pillar industries in the development of the national economy. The number of employed people is about 5.3536 million, accounting for 50.76 percent of the country's employed population, making it the industry with the largest number of employed people.

[tourism] the country's third largest economic pillar and the second largest source of foreign exchange earnings. There are about 4072 hotels. The main tourist spots are: Kuala Lumpur, Yunding, Penang, Malacca, Lankawi, Diaoman Island, Heat Wave Island, Bono Island and so on. According to the Ministry of Tourism of Malaysia, the number of tourists to Malaysia in 2017 was 25.9 million.

[transportation] the country has a good road network, the main trunk lines of roads and railways run through the north and south of the Malay Peninsula, and the aviation industry is well developed.

Water transport: inland waterway transport is underdeveloped, more than 80% of maritime transport depends on foreign shipping. There are 1008 vessels of all types, of which 508 are registered merchant ships of more than 100t, with a registered gross tonnage of 1.755 million tons, and 50 ocean-going vessels. There are 19 ports. In recent years, great efforts have been made to develop ocean transportation and port construction, the main shipping companies are Malaysia International Shipping Company, the main ports are Basheng, Penang, Guandan, Xinshan, Kuching and Namin and so on.

Air Transport: civil aviation is mainly operated by Malaysia Airlines and Asia Airlines. Malaysia Airlines has 89 aircraft and 113 routes. In November 1996, Asian Airlines came into operation. AirAsia has 188 aircraft and 83 routes. There are 25 airports in the country, of which seven are international airports: Kuala Lumpur, Penang, Rankawi, Kota Baru, Xinshan, Kota Kinabalu and Kuching.

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Salutation:

Sir Madam

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