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Introduction to Vietnam

[geography] Vietnam is located in the east of the Indo-China Peninsula, bordering Guangxi and Yunnan in the north, with a boundary line of 1347 km in the west, and bordering Laos and Cambodia in the west, and facing the sea to the east and south. The land area is 329000 square kilometers, the terrain is narrow and long, is S-shaped. The terrain is high in the west and low in the east, with an area of 3 to 4 mountains and plateaus. Major rivers include the Red River in the north and the Mekong River in the south.

[ethnic] Vietnam is a multi-ethnic country with a total of 54 ethnic groups. The Jing nationality (also known as the Vietnamese nationality) is the main ethnic group, accounting for more than 80% of the total population. The proportion of the population of each ethnic group is as follows: Jing (86.2%), Daiyi (1.9%), Thai (1.7%), Mang (1.5%), Khmer (1.4%), Chinese (1.1%), Nong (1.1%), Hmong (1%), Khmer (1.4%), Nong (1.1%), Hmong (1%). Other ethnic groups accounted for 4.1 per cent. The official language is Vietnamese.

[population] the current Constitution of Viet Nam clearly stipulates that the Vietnamese Government pursues a policy of equality, unity and mutual help among all ethnic groups, and strictly forbids all ethnic discrimination and separatist acts; all ethnic groups have the right to use their own language and script, The government has the right to maintain its national identity and give full play to its good customs, habits, traditions and culture; the government has implemented a policy of all-round development and gradually improved the material and cultural life of ethnic minority compatriots.By the end of 2013, the population of Viet Nam had reached 90 million, an increase of 1.09 per cent over the previous year, with 49.5 per cent of men and 50.5 per cent of women, 32.5 per cent of the urban population and 67.5 per cent of the rural population. Viet Nam has a working population of 67 million, accounting for 69 per cent of the total population, the proportion of agricultural workers has dropped to 47.5 per cent, the proportion of people employed in industry and construction has dropped to 21.1 per cent, and the proportion of employees in the service sector has increased to 31.4 per cent. Vietnam is divided into eight regions, namely: Honghe Plain, Northeast, Northwest, Central North, Central South Coastal area, Xiyuan, Southern East, Jiulong River Plain. Among the eight regions, the Red River Plain has the highest population density, with an average of 1217 people per square kilometer, the smallest population density is in the northwest region, with an average of 69 people per square kilometer, and the province with the highest population density is Beining Province, with an average of 1227 people per square kilometer. The province with the lowest population density is Laizhou, with an average of only 34 people per square kilometer.

[capital]Hanoi, located in the middle of the Red River Plain, is the capital of Vietnam and the center of national politics, culture and science and technology. Hanoi, formerly known as Daluo, also known as Shenglong, changed its name to Hanoi in 1831. After the reunification of the North and the South in 1976, it became the capital of the whole country. Hanoi covers an area of 921.8 square kilometers. As of December 2013, Hanoi had a population of 7.1 million. The administrative district consists of 2 cities (Hedong City, Shanxi City), 9 counties (Bating, Huijian, Mrs. Erzheng, Dondo, West Lake, Youth, Paper Bridge, Longbian, Huang Mei) and 18 counties. The climate of Hanoi is a tropical monsoon climate with four distinct seasons. The average annual temperature is 23.4 degrees. The climate from October to January is the most suitable, with an average temperature of 16.5 degrees. Hanoi has convenient land and water transportation, with railways and roads running through major cities and provinces throughout the country. Hanoi is 102km from the seaport city of Haiphong, 1725 km from Ho Chi Minh City and 154km from Langshan, an important town on the border between China and Vietnam. Hanoi is Vietnam's main tourist city, the city is dotted with lakes, evergreen trees, flowers in full bloom, beautiful scenery, known as "Wanhua Spring City". Hanoi has the highest number of places of interest in the country. Famous tourist attractions are: Hu Zhiming Mausoleum, Bating Square, President House, Hu Zhiming former residence, also carved Lake, West Lake, Duzhu Temple, Literary Temple, Medical Temple, Yushan Temple, Zhenwu Temple, Zhenguo Temple, Jinlian Temple and so on.

[major city] Hu Zhiming is Vietnam's largest port city and economic center, composed of the former Saigon, dike, Jiading three cities, located in the northeast of the Mekong River Delta, the right bank of the Saigon River, 80 kilometers away from the mouth of the sea. It covers an area of 2090 square kilometers and has a population of 8 million by the end of 2013. There are 600000 Chinese in Hu City, and the fifth county (the former dike city) is an area inhabited by Chinese.The main buildings in the city are Unification Palace (former presidential palace), Tin Hau Temple, Notre Dame Cathedral and so on. The climate of Hu City is hot all the year round, and the temperature difference is not great. January is the coldest, with a monthly average temperature of 25 degrees Celsius; April is the hottest, with a monthly average temperature of 29 degrees Celsius.The Unification Palace, located in the center of Hu Zhiming, was built by French colonists on February 23, 1869, in order to strengthen their ruling institutions in Vietnam. Named "Norodom Palace", it is actually the Government House of France in the entire Indo-Chinese region.Covering an area of 20,000 square meters, the project took three years. After the signing of the Geneva Agreement in 1954, France withdrew from Vietnam and handed over the "Norodom Palace" to the puppet regime of Wu Tingyan in Saigon in September of the same year, changing its name to the "Independence Palace." On July 27, 1962, two anti-war pilots from the puppet regime in Saigon dropped bombs on the Independence Palace, causing it to partially collapse. At the end of 1962, the puppet regime in Saigon was rebuilt, the area was expanded, and strong defences were built, such as basements and rooftop platforms for helicopters to take off and land. On April 30, 1975, the Battle of Hu Zhiming ended and Saigon was liberated.According to the decision of the Vietnamese National Unification political Consultative Conference, since November 1975, the "Independence Palace" has been renamed the "Unification Palace" as a symbol of the Vietnamese people's will to strive for independence and unity.

[custom] the Vietnamese are very polite. Say hello when you meet, or nod your head. They are called dads, aunts, uncles and uncles to their elders, brothers and sisters to their peers, younger brothers and sisters to children, and villagers, elders and compatriots to the masses (used only among their own people). In state organs, work units, and Vietnamese troops, they are generally called comrades, but among the people they are most familiar with, they are also called brothers, not comrades. When meeting, the general handshake ceremony, Miao and Yao people hugging boxing for Yi Li, Khmer people more than ten rituals. Jing people do not like people to clap their hands on the back or point their fingers at people to shout. Vietnamese hospitality, whenever home visitors, always come up with the best wine and food to treat guests. The more the guests eat, the happier the host will be.When the guests bid farewell, the host will also take out local specialties to give to the guests. Vietnamese diet is relatively light, with water boiling, frying, barbecue-based. They eat with chopsticks, like to eat raw cold sour and spicy food, food to rice, like to eat japonica rice, but also eat miscellaneous grains. Meat includes pigs, beef and fish, especially fresh fish to make "fish sauce". Fish sauce is an indispensable seasoning in the daily life of the Jing nationality.Vegetables are mainly hollow vegetables, but also grow cabbage, cucumbers, pumpkins and so on. The Jing and Dai nationalities in rural areas and some residents in cities and towns have a penchant for chewing betel nut. Due to the influence of Chinese tradition and culture, the cultural customs of Vietnam are similar to those of China.Traditional folk festivals mainly include Spring Festival, Ching Ming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Pangu Festival and Kitchen King Festival. Spring Festival is the biggest folk festival in Vietnam. The first day of the first month of the summer calendar is the Spring Festival. According to the traditional customs of Vietnam, even if it enters the Spring Festival on the 23rd of December, the hostess of each family will have to make new clothes, prepare New year's goods for days, and clean their houses. In the evening, New Year's Eve had a reunion dinner and set off firecrackers. Spring Festival mainly eat glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in Reed leaves.Vietnamese Ching Ming Festival is mainly to sacrifice ancestors to visit tombs; Dragon Boat Festival is the fifth day of the fifth month of the summer calendar, the main content is to eat zongzi; Mid-Autumn Festival is the 15th of August of the summer calendar, the main content is to eat moon cakes. The Mid-Autumn Festival is dominated by children's activities, so the Mid-Autumn Festival is also called International Children's Day.

[climate] Vietnam has a tropical monsoon climate with high temperature and rain. The annual average temperature is about 24 ℃.The annual rainfall is 1500 to 2000 mm. The north is divided into four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. There are two seasons of rain and drought in the south, the rainy season from May to October and the dry season from November to April of the following year.

[public holidays]. The total number of statutory holidays stipulated by the Vietnamese Government is nine days a year:

1. New Year's Day (January 1) one day.

2. Spring Festival (January first to fourth day of the lunar calendar) 4 days.

3. Date of death of the first ancestor of the king (10th day of the third month of the lunar calendar) one day.

4. Southern Liberation Day (April 30) one day.

5. International Labour Day (May 1) one day.

6. National Day (September 2) one day

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